This biography from the Archives of AskART:
|  Born and raised in Nyack, New York, Edward Hopper became one of the best-known painters of 20th-century American genre and landscape. He was especially known for interiors with isolated figures, for rural landscapes and marine scenes. During much of his career, he lived half of the year in Greenwich Village, New York in a row house facing Washington Square and the other half of the year near Truro, Massachusetts on water with a view towards Provincetown.
Hopper, used to water views from childhood, was raised in a home on the Hudson River. He showed early art talent. Following two years of illustration work in 1901, he became a student at the New York School of Art under William Merritt Chase and Robert Henri, the latter being credited by Hopper as his most influential teacher.
In 1907, he went to Paris and was exposed to Impressionism, which affected his interest in light and pattern but did not dissuade him from basic realism with defined shapes, many of them from architecture. Between 1915 and 1928, he completed nearly seventy etchings and drypoints, much influenced by the light-contrast techniques of Rembrandt and Meryon.
In 1929, he spent three weeks in Charleston, South Carolina, and produced eleven watercolors, mostly outdoor landscapes but one a church interior.
Source:
Matthew Baigell, Dictionary of American Art
_________________________________________________________________________________
|
Biography from The Caldwell Gallery - I:
| Edward Hopper studied at the New York School of Art with Robert Henri and William M Chase from 1900-1906. Hopper was a true 20th-century American Realist who produced stark compositions meant to reflect the isolation of modern life. He established a studio in 1910 in New York City and worked as a commercial artist until the ‘20s.
Hopper is best known for his subject matter of a lone individual in front of an open window or several people together but lost in thought which evoke a sense of loneliness and longing.
Hopper exhibited his work in the 1913 Armory Show and then abandoned painting for the next ten years. His work proceeding this break shows bright color but with no warmth, creating a somber mood. Horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines are precise but abstracted. Early Morning Sunday (1930) is a good example of these techniques. It shows a row of two-story brick houses in a cold morning light with only the barber pole and hydrant on the street, making a statement about urban barrenness. |
Biography from Spanierman Gallery:
| "My aim in painting has always been the most exact transcription possible of my most intimate impressions of nature."
Few artists have painted so honest and revealing a portrait of America as did Edward Hopper. His timeless images of the wayside night cafe, the empty movie theatre, and the Victorian house by the railroad track all live in memory as the ultimate rendering of those subjects.
Born in Nyack, New York, along the Hudson River, Hopper began to study art in the local schools before seeking instruction in commercial art in New York City in l899. From l900 to about l906 he studied at the New York School of Art under Robert Henri and Kenneth Hayes Miller, both of whom urged their students to concentrate on modern subjects. Among his fellow students were George Bellows, Rockwell Kent, and Guy Pene du Bois.
Between l906 and l9l0, Hopper made three European visits of several months each, spending most of his time in Paris. Living quietly with a French family, he did not study in an art school but painted on his own. The artists he looked at and admired were those Henri had suggested---Goya, Manet, Degas, Sisley and Pissarro. The later two showed up as the first major influences of his street views of Paris.
Back home in these same years, Hopper was painting aspects of the native scene that few artists had attempted. Although the Ashcan group---Henri, John Sloan, William Glackens, George Luks and Everett Shinn---concentrated on the visual aspects of the metropolis, Hopper was the first to capture the inner feelings of the city and suburban dwellers themselves. "Railroad Train" (Addison Gallery of Art) and "The El Station" (Whitney Museum of American Art), both of l908, were transitional works showing Hopper's movement away from Henri's dark tonalities of the period toward outdoor light and color effects.
Little recognition came his way at first and Hopper was forced to concentrate on illustration work to make a living. He stopped painting completely for a time and, around l9l9, took up etching, capturing on the plate his concepts of everyday life in America that contained the essentials of his later paintings: uncompromising realism, absolute simplicity of statement and a sense of mood that raised it above mere naturalism.
His etchings were accepted in major exhibitions and won prizes for the artist; this encouragement led him to take up painting again, both in oil and watercolor, a medium in which he proved to be a master. In l927, a showing of his oils at the Rehn Gallery in New York definitely established his reputation.
From about l920 on, a number of younger artists including Thomas Hart Benton, Charles Burchfield, Reginald Marsh, John Steuart Curry, Grant Wood joined Hopper in a nationalist school dedicated to painting the native scene in a more or less naturalistic style. Hopper's masterpieces of the l920s and l930s: "House by the Railroad" (l925, Museum of Modern Art), "Automat" (l927, Des Moines Art Center) and "Lighthouse at Two Lights" (l929, Metropolitan Museum of Art) formed the core of this American Scene Movement.
Hopper's vision was unique. The people inhabiting his city and suburban scenes are lonely, anonymous, temporary inhabitants of sometimes inhospitable environments. When there is no human element, he transfers these qualities to the architecture or even to the landscape itself, using intense light to infuse human emotion.
There is a frugality in Hopper's work, a careful selection of people, buildings and interiors, just as there was to the man himself. He worked in the same studio on Washington Square for fifty-four years, rarely venturing out, except for summers in New England and an occasional visit to the Southwest. He died in his studio on May l5, l967.
Edward Hopper is represented in every major institution in the United States. |
| ** If you discover credit omissions or have additional information to add, please let us know at registrar@AskART.com. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edward Hopper is also mentioned in these AskART essays:
New York Armory Show of 1913
Painters of Nudes
Modernism
|