This biography from the Archives of AskART:
| Please note: Artists not classified as American in our database may have limited biographical data
compared to the extensive information about American artists.
 Renoir was born on February 25, 1841, in the small manufacturing town of Limoges. His family moved to Paris when he was four years old. Gounod advised him to become a musician, but Renoir felt more compulsion toward the graphic arts. At thirteen he joined a ceramic establishment where he painted flowers on porcelain. Later he supported himself by decorating fans. In 1861 he joined the Gleyre atelier where Sisley, Monet and Bazille were also studying. None of them was very happy there, but Renoir especially was out of sympathy with the academic atmosphere of the place. When the master accused him of seeking amusement from painting, he replied that of course he did, or he would otherwise abandon the pursuit. After a year he began to work without a teacher, adapting Courbet's trick of using a palette knife, and painting with purer and lighter colors.
He first exhibited in 1868; he also participated in the famous Nadar exhibition of Impressionists in 1874. He was dependent on portraiture for his living until the auctions of his works in 1875 and 1877 which brought him some independence and enabled him to travel. In 1883 a sort of break occurred in his work. He felt he had gone to the end of Impressionism; he was reaching the conclusion that he did not know how to paint or draw. This bewilderment and discouragement, though exaggerated, had a salutary effect, for Renoir reviewed his methods, again studied the works of old masters whom he loved and went on painting pictures, better than before.
By the 1890s Renoir was well settled into family life. Owing to his delicate bronchial tubes, he and his wife with their young son Pierre spent the winters by the Mediterranean and often in summer visited seaside spots on the Channel. In 1893, a second son, Jean, was born. Jean Renoir was to become the now famous movie director.
Suffering from failing eyesight in his later years, Renoir began to use stronger colors. His last years were spent in Provence where he continued to paint although he could only get about in a wheelchair and his hand was so crippled with arthritis that his brush had to be strapped to his wrist. He could no longer get far from the house, but finding he could paint every day he was contented. He died in Cagnes.
Sources include:
Masterpieces of Art, Catalogue of the New York World's Fair 1940
Metropolitan Museum of Art Miniatures: French Impressionists and Figure Painting by Renoir
|
Biography from South Coast Fine Art:
| Please note: Artists not classified as American in our database may have limited biographical data
compared to the extensive information about American artists.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in Limoges and brought up in Paris,
where his father, a tailor with a large family, settled in 1845.
From the age of thirteen he worked as an apprentice painter, painting
flowers on porcelain plates. This early apprenticeship left a
certain trace on his art, which was always decorative in spite of its
later realism. After machines for coloring ceramics had been
introduced, he had to switch to decorating fans and screens.
Having saved some money, in 1862 Renoir entered the Atelier Gleyre and
there made friends with Monet, Sisley and Bazille; some time later he
met Pissarro and Cézanne.
In the 1880s, he abandoned
Impressionism for what is often called the "dry style". He began
a search for solid form and stable composition, a search, which led him
back to the masters of the Renaissance. He worked more carefully
and meticulously, his colors became cooler and smoother. He later
returned to hot rich colors and free brushwork of his earlier days to
portray nudes in sunlight, a style, which he continued to develop to
the end of his life.
In 1886, the art dealer Durand-Ruel
exhibited 32 of Renoir's paintings in New York, thus opening the
American market for Impressionism. In December 1888, Renoir
suffered the first attacks of arthritis, which would cripple his
hands; in 1898 after a serious attack of the disease his right arm was
paralyzed. From now on he painted, overcoming strong pains, strapping a
brush to his wrist. In 1919, not long before his death, he
finished, in great pain, his large-scale composition The Great Bathers (The Nymphs).
Renoir died in Cagnes, France on December 3, 1919.
|
Biography from Anderson Galleries, LLC:
| Please note: Artists not classified as American in our database may have limited biographical data
compared to the extensive information about American artists.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was initially trained in the decorative arts and
began studying painting in the early 1860s. It was as a student
that Renoir met several other painters interested in plein-air painting
and the effects of light. When these Impressionists began to
exhibit together a decade later, Renoir suffered some of the most
severe criticism aimed at the group.
While controversial at first, Renoir eventually established himself
comfortably with the public and even participated in the official
Salons. By the beginning of the 20th century, Pierre-Auguste
Renoir was enjoying tremendous success as an artist; he had been
awarded the rank of officer of the Legion of Honor and sales of his
works were flourishing. Even as his health failed, Renoir
continued to work ceaselessly and exhibit worldwide, with no less than
four solo shows and seven group shows in his final years.
So great was Renoir's success that Guillaume Apollinaire referred to him in Le Petit Bleu as "the greatest painter of our time and one of the greatest painters of all times" (Barbara Ehrlich White, Renoir; His Life, Art, and Letters, New York. 1984, p. 254). |
| ** If you discover credit omissions or have additional information to add, please let us know at registrar@AskART.com. |
|
|
|
|
|
|